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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 15, 1894)
THE FARM AND HOME, EXPERIMENTING with irriga tion AND DRAINAGE. *»>•• Bwd for Uotli Pnrposo. with Ac tonlihlns ftncce««~startlnar a Dairy te. — Management or Sltoep—Farm Notea and Home Uinta. pf€-:v:_ Dr.tlnxcr and lrrlRntinn Combined. Another investigation undertaken tho past year is an attempt to com bine drainage with sub-irrigation in the out door gardon. In other words, it is an effort to dovclop a plan for the effective and economical control of soil moisturo. Tho greatest obstaclo to lho suc cess of intensive garden culture Is the irregularity of moisturo in tho soil. There is too much at ono time aud too little at another. In early spring and not unfroquontly at other times during tho year, tho soil is too wot: during summer und autumn it is usually too dry. llow to remove ■ superfluous moisture ut ono-time and supply the luck at another, in a prac tical way, Is tho problem wo are now trying to solvo. Tho following is a brief outline of tho work already done, writes W. K. lia.ienby in Colman’s Hural World. A fairly level spot was selected in tho vegotabio gardon and divided into five plots each twonly-flvo by forty feet. In plot No. 2, linos of three inch tllo.were laid eight inches deep and two and ono-half foot apart, tho rows extending longthwiso of the plot. The tile was laid upon an exact level and the ends embedded in cement. At one end of each row* or lino, an upright tile was placed, Into which water could bo turnod. Tho opposite ends woro all connected with a lino of tile which continued beyond tho plots and acted as an outlet when the tiles wore use! as a drain. A valve was placod at the beginning of this outlet so that when desired, water could bo held in the tiles. That is, when the soil was too wot tho valve was openod and tho tiles acted as a drain; when it became too dry and water was turnod Into the tiles, the valvo was closed, and tho tiles uctod as a roservoir from which the water passed into thejsoil. 1’lot No. 2 was tested In tho sumo way except that only one half the number of tiles woro used. Instead of ten rows two and one-hulf feet apart, there wore five rows live feet apart. In every othor respect tho treatment was the same. Tho plots wero closely watched in early spring to note the effects of the tiles as to drainage, or the removal of surplus water. While no definite statement can now be made, it can bo said in general that the soil of the tiled plots was dry and in a fit condition to work several days before that of adjacent, untiled (dots. The following crops woro planted, each extending across tho five plots; early beets, onions, potatoes und string beans. Tho early beets ma tured and woro markotod early and but little difference in yield was noted between tho tiled and untilod plots.. Up to tho period of harvest ing this crop, there was an abun dance, although not an excess of moisture. For the onious and string beans water was turnod into tho tiles at live different times, and tho oltoct was marked. Tho former crop yleldod an Increase of over fifty por cent and tho latter was considerably more than doubled in weight Be sides this increase in weight tho season was greatly lengthened and tho quality of tho crop greatly im proved. At the above rate of gain, for intensive cultivation, this system of control Ling soil moisturo is a grpnd success. It has all the ad vantages of under-surface watering in the greenhouse, and combines drainage, when an a^coss of moisture renders this necessary. Staritii'^ a Oali v. Thofie is no “dairy belt" in this country. ‘ Just as good buttor and cheese can be made in ono state as another. Some of the finest dairies in the country are to be found in Tennessee, Mississippi and Texas, while the West is famous for taking first prizes at interstate fairs. What is needed is plenty of good water for cows and washing utensils. It is a real calamity to run short of water in the dairy, and no one should start without a never-failing supply. Then again it must be conveniently located, Waste no time of man or boast in going after water, make the water come to you. Lead it through pipes in barn and dairy house. Do as little pumping as possible either by hand or power. It is a back-breaking and weary business and in hot days, in summer. Cows drink a fearful amount of water. Lead the water from a point on the farm high enough to do liver it up to the knees of the cows as they stand in the stable. In starting a dairy the first thing to learn is the value of a good stable. It not only does not pay, but is foolish to make milk only in summers. That is the hardest time to make good butter, while the market is crowded and down to the lowest notch in price. Build you a good, tight,com fortable cow stable large enough to hold as many cows as you need and give them plenty of room. Put win dows in it for light and have no cracks for the cold wind to get in.and if the cows are properly bedded and kept clean, as they must bo. there will be no need for ventilation. Cows can stand six months in the stable ■with perfect comfort and make more milk than they will if turned out to “exercise.' , •> * Wfyat kind of a ohurn to use. It makes little or no difference so you get the right amount of agitation. The modern barrel churn that turns end for end works easier than most et them and does as good work. The v‘ i* ‘‘■■'in iik»w. . . . main point in to have a good-stzai manhole so that the churn can. be easily gotten into and freoly aired. This last is of vital iipportanco. Nothing takes tho lifo out of cream and makes old tasting and worthless butter as a stalo churn. Use the nose freely on tho churn and do not Bparo it—Homo and Farm. Munagemfint of slirop. A good authority on shoop manage ment says: It is advisnblo to give sheep aceoss to salt continually. It can bo kept in covered troughs from wasto by rains. As a partial pro tection from ravages by dogs, it is well to boll about ono-twontioth of tho shoep. • Thera is usually a ‘•loader” in every Hock. This one should always be bellod, if any are. It is thought by many that sheep ar* moro npt to bo worried by dogs when pastured in tho woods than when in tho open Holds. Tho reverse is tho ease, .sheep-killing dogs, liko hu man thieves, are great cowards. They must see an apparently froo field for escape before they will be gin to doprodato. Thera is safoty in tho woods, but more or loss danger in tho opon fields. Sheep aro summered continually in a wooded tract of thousands of acres near me, and by diligent inquiry I cannot learn of a case whore they have been molested by dogs,although tho latter are plentiful around tho tract. Shoop are subject to intornal purasltes much more than formerly, and fiocks are often docimatcd by them. Salt, sulphur and spirits of turpentine aro the best romedy. To administer it, take salt., four parts; sulphur, one part; turpentine, enough to very slightly moisten; mix them, and place in a trough when tho ani mals aro hungry for salt If this should bo done once in two months, it is boliovod those vermin would Dover trouble. Fsrin Note*. Plant tho orchards and small fruits on uplands. Stock need an increased ration dur in.tr extremely cold weathor. Don't allow tho harness to crack and break for want of occasional oil ing Don’t fail to cut up a big lot of green wood-to season for next sum mer's use, It pays best to raise the kind of stock one likes host, for ho will give thorn better attention. The surplus of horses in tho coun try soems to be of a class horso buy. era don’t want to invest in. If you keep sheep at all put enough good blood in them to get the best returns from their products. Tho big, thrifty lambs will sell roadily und handsomely. It is a wonder more don’t go into it. Stock aro matured early mainly by propor feeding and care; although it can bo aided by proper breeding. If the owes aro kept too fat before lambing they will socroto too much milk; and this will cause caked bag. A poultry raiser advises adding hot water to tho cold in the drinking ves sols. It acts like a tonic to the fowls. No farm is complete without a good lantern; but great care must be taxon to not sot hay or straw afire in tho barn with it. I ho appoarance of eggs has a great deal to do with the salo. Even if an egg is fresh it will sell much bet tor it' white and clean. It is claimed by those who have made analysis that the corn fodder from one acre yields as much digesti ble matter as two tons of timothy A Iihodo Island poulterer says that if onionskins are placed in tne nest boxes and thon covered with straw or hay, they will bo death to lice, as the vermin cannot live whore the skins are. Homo IIInt». A large, soft sponge, cither dry or slightly dampenod, makes a good duster. Jiever rub your oyes, nor allow your children to do so from their cradles. A restaurant keeper says celery wants to lie in cold water an hour boforo it is chewed. A tart in groat favor is an iced case of puff paste, with the filling of marmalude and whipped cream. Sweet oil and putty powder, fol lowed by soap atjd water, makes one of the best medicines for brighten ing brass or copper. Silver, brilliantly polished and ar ranged on the finest of showy damask, is the chief ornament of the smart dinner tablo of the moment. A good remedy for chapped lips is made by mixing togothor two spoon fuls of clarified honoy with a few drops of Invendor water. Anoint the lips with the mixture frequently. Jt is very vexing and annoying to have one's lips break out with cold sores, but it is better to have them out than in. A drop of warm mut ton suet applied to the sores at night, just before retiring, will soon cause them to disappear. The correct way to use doylies on the table is to placo them under finger bowls and other simple dishes for which they arc made, if no ta blecloth is naed, and tho surface of the shining mahogany table ia ex i posed, the doylies uro placed under the plates in order that the table may not be scratched. In a charmingly-furnished apart ment, whore the space is very much limited, tho substitute for the cum bersome buffet is a spot of beauty in the .little dining room. Two skele ton shelves have been made of wal nut, and placed in one corner against a piece of dark red matting tacked upon tho wall. On these shelves rich blue china is arranged with a most delightful effoct REPUBLICAN MATTERS. (INTER) NATIONAL HYMN. My country: 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, .Of thee 1 Ring; Lnnd where the wheels are tied. Land where Industries died, And to the Knslish side Took rapid wing. • My native country! thee. Land to which paupers flee, Thy name I love I love thy Cleveland frills. Thy no-trade tariff bills, Thy Greihdms. Smith.* and Born from above Let munic swell the breeze, Democrats to your knees, And swell the song! Let those who brought this fate Their medicine take straight, And three years longer wait To ri ht the wrong *MS} Mills, Our father. Grover C.. Mogul of miservi To thee we sing: Bear with us, if you can, But, if not, like a man, Say you don't cure a d— For anything —Cincinnati Commercial-Gazette. SOUND FACTS. The Brneflrcnce of Protection to the "United Staten. After the war of 1812 had any American statesman opposed protec tive tariff he would have been re garded as a foe to his country. Mr. (.'alhoun. in 1816, an a friend of American protection, hardly lagged behind Henry Clay; and General •Jackson, in 1824, was not less its champion than John Quincy Adams. There was then but little more than one party, and that was for “a tariff that would protect” Both houses of congress wore Democratic in 1828, and among the eminent senators who voted for t te ultra-protective tariff of 1828, and who subsequently be came Democratic presidents, will be found the names of Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan. Such dis tinguished supporters of protection, 1 fear, would now be drummed out of the Democratic camp by some self elected drum-majors. In I860 the votes of Virginia and Tennessee were given to Bell and- Everett, both of whom favored tariff protection. The tariff of 1861, undeniably blessed with the virtues of protection, was approved by a Democratic president, a veteran long in the services of his party. Any claim of superior stamina on the part of Americans, or of doing more work in a day than any other people, is a vainglorious assertion. The British are of the same stock, and bred in an equally healthy clim ate. A Briton, so long as he is able j to get full pay, without doubt is j about as athletic and physically as j good as an American, and probably no better. ' j In Great Britain no wage-earner j aver rises to be an employer of wago aarners. In the United States it is a common occurrence and almost the ■ rule, that the head or business man- j ager of any industrial company has j risen from tho ranks of practical j manual labor. The biographies of i our captains of industry shine forth as abundantly as the stars of the i milky way. It has beon long roundly, perhaps ignorantly, claimed that the differ ence in wages here compared with the lower British wages is compen sated by tho lower cost of living; but this has no basis of truth, except that the lower scale of wages practi cally and brutally imposes upon Brit ish wago earners a lower and far in ferior scale of living. If tnoir pro visions and comforts of life were to be made equal to those of wage earn ers in America, the British cost would be found excessive and insup portable. Tho foundation of Eng land's large wealth was laid by a century of stringent tariff protec tion. British wage earners, as we all know, obtain on the average, under free trade, but little more than one half as much reward for labor as Americans obtain under protection. The advantages of a protective tar iff are not claimed on account of its production and diffusion of wealth ulone, but on account of its benefi cence, its educational and civilizing influence, its distribution of the com forts of life among the men who work, and as the strongest arm of national independence_From Sena tor Morrill’s speech in the senate. Needed a Lesson. The World believes in Cleveland rather than Hill. It will fight Hill whenever he is wrong, as a machine boss, as it fought him before and supported Cleveland. It is still in general sympathy with President Cleveland but it supported Senator Hill in this case because he is right. The lesson may prove a whole some one for Mr. Cleveland. He needs to be reminded that ours is a constitutional government, with co ordinate branches strictly limited and based upon the people's will. Judging by Olney, Van Alen and Hornblower, the Hawaiian blunder and the insulting “noise and clamor" letter, he is lacking both in respect for the law and public opinion. This drift towards autocracy, con tempt of limitations, and disregard of congress needs checking. It is to be hoped that no severer lesson will bo required.—N. Y. World, Dem. Blount, the Scapegoat. Humors trickle out from the inner circle cf the administration at Washington that in recent confer ences of Cleveland, Gresham and Blount the president has emitted bluo language anything but agreeable to the quondam paramount commis sioner. One report has it that Cleveland bluntly told the Georgia statesman that bis alleged investiga tion and one-sided account of the revolution had “plunged the admin istration into trouble.1’ The diffi culty seems to be that Blount proved too faithful to the letter of his instructions in presenting such • ■ • - ... . . report as was desired by the presi dent; but it now occurs to Cleveland that Blount ought to have ascer tained and reported all the tacts, whether agreeable or not to his ex cellency. The administration will seek in vain for a scapegoat in this wretched business. As the public looks at it, if there hud been any purpose on the part of the president to conduct an investigation with the idea of getting an accurate account of the situation in Hawaii he should not have appointed one man to do the work, nor would he have acted at all in the matter without first con sulting the senate.—Times-Star. && NO LOVE FOR IT. Grover Cleveland's Kelatlons With the Old Flag. Thus far there have been four dis tinct flag: episodes in the official life of Grover Cleveland as president of the United States, and all of them have been shameful. Two occurrod during his first term, and two have disgraced him since his second in auguration last March. Nobody has forgotten how the stars and stripes were lowered to half mast on the in terior department building during Cleveland’s first administration as a mark of sorrow at the death of I Jacob Thompson, the ex-rebel who j had tried to introduce small-pox into [ Northern cities during the rebellion. That incident created a storm of in dignation in the North, but a greater tempest of wrath was aroused soon afterward by the order of Adjutant General Drum, which Cleveland ap proved, returning the rebel flags captured on the battle fields of the rebellion to the Southern states. The opening of the second Cleveland administration was signal ized by the hauling down of the United States flag in Honolulu, by Grover’s personal representative, Mr. Blount. The next news from Washington is that “Old Glory” no longer floats over the capitol build ing, because the Democrats cannot afford to buy new flags when the old ones are worn out If anything were neoded to complete the humilia tion which every loyal son of the re public must feel at being compelled to live under a Democratic adminis tration, dominated in every depart ment by ex-rebels of the South, says the Cleveland Leader, this latest ex hibition of hatred for the stars and stripes is enough. What a spectacle we must present in the eyes of the world! A nation of nearly 70,003,000 of people too poor to float the flag of our coun try over the national capitol! Of course, poverty is simply an absurd and silly excuse for doing something which every ex-rebel will applaud, an:l which every patriotic citizen in the North and West should condemn. Gresham Is Lonely. Secretary Gresham represents the most pitiable sight of any man about Washington. Ho presents the ap pearance of one who has lost several nights’ sleep. His face, plainly telb the story of his mentai suffer ing. He fully realizes that he has sacrificed himself in the Hawaiian affair and that the Democratic lead ers are glad of it. There is not a man in the cabinet who at heart is not glad of Gresham’s dilemma, and the secretary of state is well aware of the fact. lie has no one to lean on in his hour of political trial. He can’t look to Republicans for they resent his desertion of them. Yester day he was comforted by pouring his tale of woo into the sympathetic ears of Bob Ingersoll. Now Gresham is assiduously cultivating ex-Senator Edmunds. The Vermont statesman being out of active politics, Gresham feels that he can arouse sympathy there and find advice from Edmunds. —Daily American. Idem. Can Not Swallow the Medicine. Of all the revolutions in political opinion that have occurred in the United States the most remarkable is the change wrought by the common experience since November, 1892. The young voters v:ho were familiar only with prosperous conditions and thought they would chance free trade have rushed over to the Re publican party, accompanied by a good many older heads who iind that they went after false gods once too often. Moreover, Wilson radicalism, (iresham mugwumpism and Cleve land egotism havo driven not a few steady-going Democrats out of the lines, to seek more congenial com pany behind the Republican band wagon. The procession of the (1. O. P. on the road to victory is a brobdingnagian affair. At Morton Again. The national Farmers’ Alliance in session at Chicago landed again on that soi'o spot where all the state al liances and granges have been tap ping Secretary Morton for the last month or two. Mr. Morton may not | know very much about farming, but it begins to look as though he will j know quite a bit about farmers be ! fore he gets through with his pres I ent joh. A I.ittle Republican Leaven Nedtled. I The Kansas City Journal thinks I Missouri will never take her proper place in the union until she wipes ! out her Democrat majority and ex j terminates her train robbers, and it is difficult to say which should bo done first, though a Republican ad ministration might be a powerful discourager of train robbing. Democracy*. Only Chance. If the country stands the storm now raging over it and striking everything that protrudes above the surface, the future is all right, for nothing worse than this Democratic “change" is likely to be experienced in the next fifty years—in other words, till the Democracy again gets control PROFIT IN GUINEA P1QS, Baward of Thraa XSfara* Labor Id Pro ducing a Citadated Variety. "I spent last fall in the country, ’ said the young: man with the fall style derby, "and I succeeded in making: a large and juicy-fool of my self almost eve^y day while I was there. I stayed with an uncle oi mine who has a farm sixteen or sev enteen miles from nowhere, and the Reubens got the laugh on me bo many times that I can't remember the number. "The queerest experience that 1 bad, though, was at one of their country fairs. They held the fair early last year, for some reason or other, and I was on hand to take it in. I went out to the grounds with a party of women who were visiting in the neighborhood, and, undis mayed by the failure of my former efforts to string the rustics, I started out to have some fun with them as soon as we struck the grounds. We walked around for a couple of hours, and I was poking all manner of fun at the people we met Finally we came to the shed where the poultry was on exhibition, and as we went along looking at the variously bred chickens, I got particularly funny. At the end of one of the rows of coops was a box with five or six guinea pigs in it There were quite a number of countrymen standing around looking at the queer little animals. “We walked over and looked at the pigs. Then I said loudly: ‘Do you know that if you pick up a guinea pig by the tail its eyes will drop out?’ The countrymen stared. ‘Fact,’ 1 continued. ‘Pick one of them up by the tail and its eyes will drop right out Most queerly constructed anatomically of any animal known to naturalists. If these pigs were mine I would soon show you.’ “A big, strapping fellow who stood beside the box said: ‘Stranger, I don’t believe you’. I insisted that 1 was right, but he stood and doggedly shook his head, and the rest of the countrymen sided with him. Now, a guinea pig has no tail, and there is where the joke comes in. I argued for some little time, and then made a grand bluff. I pulled out a little roll of bills and offered to bet the Reuben $25 that just that thing would hap pen. Imagine my surprise when the Reuben hauled a greasy old pocket book out of his jeans and covered the money. I was sure I had him, for the bet was a catch one anyhow, and as the young women who were with me were egging me on, I couldn’t think of flunking. “‘Understand,’ I said, *1 claim that if you pick up that guinea pig by its tail its eyes will drop out.’ “•I understand,' said the country man, as he opened a little door in the side of the box and pulled out a guinea pig. ‘Now, pick this one up and let’s see its eyes drop out ’ “Then I began to laugh. ‘Ha, my friends,’ I said, ‘I have played a lit tle trick on you, that’s all. As a guinea pig has no tail you can’t pick one up by it If you could I do not doubt that its eyes would drop out’ “I reached out for my half of the bet, when the big countryman said: ‘Hoi’ on there, mister. You jes look and see if this here guinea pig ain’t got a tail. ’ I examined it and I may be switched if it didn't have a tail an inch long. The countryman picked it up by the little caudal appendage, and. of course, its eyes didn’t drop out Then he reached over, grabbed the wad of money and put it in his pocket, remarking the while: *1 did not think when I developed that breed of guineas that they would ever make that much for me. ’ “I’ll be blamed if he hadn’t been working three years to produce guinea pigs with tails! He had suc ceeded. and I was chump enough to go against the only cage of that kind of animals in the world with my chestnut about their eyes dropping out ” A Fresh Translation. .The small boy had been irritating his father with many vexations ques tions about a psalm he was studying for Sunday school next day. “Father, what does *Selah’mean ?” was the latest. “Shut up!” said paterfamilias. The boy said nothing, but in Sun day school the psalm was under dis cussion. “Who knows what the word ‘Selah’ means?” asked the young superin tendent The small boy’s hands went up, and he was half way out of his seat. No one else raised a hand. “WellP” said the superintendent •■Shut up!" said the small boy. And seeing the look on the teacher’s face added, “it is! I asked papa, and he said ‘shut up!”’—Toledo Blade. Inherited* The small boy who applied to the Chicago physician to be vaccinated was so bright-faced the doctor asked him who he was. “I’m Johnnie Smith,", he said, “and my pop’s a detective. “Oh,” exclaimed the doctor, “run along little boy, there’s no need to vaccinate you; you’ll never catoh anything. ” Tho Decision Dl<l Her uo Good. Miss Catherine Bitner of Franklin county, Pennsylvania was so over joyed a day or two ago at a decision in her favor in a suit whioh she had instituted in Hagerstown, Md., to set aside a deed for a farm, that she was overcome by the excitement and died an hour after. Willing to Loso Them. Mrs. Hylyfe—Why do you think Mrs. Skekkles doesn’t tell the truth about the price of her diamonds? Mrs. Hotong—She wears them to receptions where they haven’t en gaged detectives. —Chicago Record. Hev» ©• A Bower Symptoms of Cancer Appeared on my Up. Disagreeable eruption, came on my neck. After taking 4 bottles of Hood s Sarsaparilla, all the traces of disease hare disappeared and the medicine has given me renewed vigor and strength. I am now a! most 73 years of age, and work like a tin.. And I know that Hood's Sarsaparilla has had much to do with my vigor and strength i recommended it to my wife, who has suffer, ed so much with rheumatic troubles as also with female weakness. In two years Hood’s Cures she has used about 8 bottles of nood's Sarsa parllla, and to-day, and for the last « months, she seems like a new being.’’ ret. o. H. Pow! SB, 2*24 Hanover Street, Chicago, Illinois. Hood’s Pills cure all liver ills, biliousness, j1M. dice. Indigestion, sick headache. 25 cents. WALTER BAKER & GO. 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